固定对象/fixtures/夹具

在spec/fixtures目录下存放固定对象

# spec/fixtures/movies.yml
milk_movie:
  id: 1
  title: Milk
  rating: R
  release_date: 2008-11-26

documentary_movie:
  id: 2
  title: Food, Inc. 
  release_date: 2008-09-07

新建spec/models/movie_spec.rb

require 'rails_helper'

describe Movie do
  fixtures :movies
  it 'should include rating and year in full name' do
    movie = movies(:milk_movie)
    expect(movie.title).to eql('Milk')
    expect(movie.rating).to eql('R')
  end
end

对象工厂Factory

书中的factory_girl已改名为factory_bot.

https://github.com/thoughtbot/factory_bot

在Gemfile, test块下添加factory_bot_rails和rspec-its(为使用its),并执行bundle install

group:test
  gem 'factory_bot_rails'
  gem 'rspec-its'

使用Factory，文件spec/factories/movie.rb

# spec/factories/movie.rb

FactoryBot.define do
  factory :movie do
    title {'A Fake Title'} # default values
    rating {'PG'}
    release_date { 10.years.ago }
  end
end

文件spec/models/movie_spec.rb,我们测试一个尚未实现的方法name_with_rating

require 'rails_helper'
require 'spec_helper'
describe Movie do
  it 'should include rating and year in full name' do
    # 'build' creates but doesn't save object; 'create' also saves it
    movie = FactoryBot.build( :movie, :title => 'Milk', :rating => 'R')
    expect(movie.title).to eql('Milk')
    expect(movie.name_with_rating).to eql('Milk (R)')
  end
end
# More concise: uses Alternative RSpec2 'subject' syntax', and mixes in
# FactoryGirl methods in spec_helper.rb (see FactoryGirl README)
describe Movie do
  subject do
    Movie.new(:title => 'Milk', :rating => 'R')
  end
  its(:title) {  is_expected.to eql('Milk') }
end